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englishSubject-Verb AgreementSubject-Verb Agreement: असली Subject की पहचान
Subject-Verb Agreement: Identifying the Real Subject
SSC और Railway परीक्षाओं में अक्सर छात्र क्रिया (Verb) के सबसे पास वाले शब्द को देखकर गलती कर देते हैं। इस पाठ में हम सीखेंगे कि 'as well as' और 'of' जैसे शब्दों के आने पर असली कर्ता (Subject) को कैसे पहचानें ताकि Verb सही लगे।
Rule 1: 'of' से पहले वाला शब्द मुख्य Subject होता है
जब दो Nouns को 'of' से जोड़ा जाता है, तो क्रिया (Verb) हमेशा 'of' से पहले वाले शब्द के अनुसार आती है। अक्सर 'of' के बाद वाला शब्द Plural होता है, जिससे छात्र धोखा खाकर Plural Verb लगा देते हैं।
उदाहरण
- ✔ The quality of these mangoes is very good. — इन आमों की गुणवत्ता बहुत अच्छी है। (यहाँ Subject 'quality' है, 'mangoes' नहीं)
- ✔ The behavior of the students was excellent. — छात्रों का व्यवहार बहुत अच्छा था।
- ✔ The cost of these books has increased. — इन किताबों की कीमत बढ़ गई है।
- ✔ The keys of the cupboard are lost. — अलमारी की चाबियाँ खो गई हैं। (यहाँ 'keys' Plural है, इसलिए 'are' आया)
- ✔ The smell of these flowers is sweet. — इन फूलों की खुशबू मीठी है।
- ✔ The results of the examination were declared yesterday. — परीक्षा के परिणाम कल घोषित किए गए थे।
आम गलती
- ✘ The color of these walls are white.
- ✔ The color of these walls is white. (Subject 'color' (Singular) है, इसलिए 'is' आएगा।)
- ✘ The knowledge of many languages are important.
- ✔ The knowledge of many languages is important. ('Knowledge' Uncountable और Singular है, 'languages' को देखकर 'are' न लगायें।)
💡 'of' को एक दीवार की तरह समझें; Verb हमेशा दीवार के बायीं (left) तरफ वाले शब्द के अनुसार आएगी।
Rule 2: As well as, Along with, Together with का प्रयोग
यदि दो Subjects को 'as well as', 'along with', 'together with', या 'with' से जोड़ा जाए, तो Verb हमेशा पहले वाले Subject के अनुसार आती है। बाद वाले शब्दों को केवल अतिरिक्त जानकारी माना जाता है।
उदाहरण
- ✔ The teacher as well as the students is in the class. — शिक्षक के साथ-साथ छात्र भी कक्षा में हैं। (Subject 'teacher' है)
- ✔ The students as well as the teacher are in the class. — छात्रों के साथ-साथ शिक्षक भी कक्षा में हैं। (Subject 'students' है)
- ✔ Ram along with his brothers has arrived. — राम अपने भाइयों के साथ पहुँच गया है।
- ✔ The captain with all his players was on the field. — कप्तान अपने सभी खिलाड़ियों के साथ मैदान पर था।
- ✔ I as well as you am responsible for this. — मैं और साथ ही तुम भी इसके लिए जिम्मेदार हूँ। (Subject 'I' है, इसलिए 'am' आया)
- ✔ My friends together with their father are coming today. — मेरे दोस्त अपने पिता के साथ आज आ रहे हैं।
आम गलती
- ✘ The king along with his ministers were present.
- ✔ The king along with his ministers was present. (पहला Subject 'king' Singular है, इसलिए 'was' सही है।)
- ✘ Sanjana as well as her friends have gone.
- ✔ Sanjana as well as her friends has gone. ('Sanjana' के अनुसार Singular Verb 'has' का प्रयोग होगा।)
💡 'as well as' या 'along with' के बाद वाले हिस्से को ब्रैकेट में मान लें, वह Verb को नहीं बदलता।
Rule 3: Besides, In addition to और Like का प्रयोग
'Besides' (के अलावा), 'In addition to' (के अतिरिक्त) और 'Like' (की तरह) के साथ भी Verb पहले Subject के अनुसार आती है। ध्यान दें कि 'Besides' का अर्थ 'के अलावा' है, इसे 'Beside' (बगल में) से न उलझाएं।
उदाहरण
- ✔ Besides his parents, he was present at the party. — अपने माता-पिता के अलावा, वह पार्टी में मौजूद था।
- ✔ He like his brothers is very hardworking. — वह अपने भाइयों की तरह बहुत मेहनती है।
- ✔ The director in addition to the actors was invited. — अभिनेताओं के अलावा निर्देशक को भी आमंत्रित किया गया था।
- ✔ They like their mother are very kind. — वे अपनी माँ की तरह बहुत दयालु हैं।
- ✔ Besides a laptop, he has two smartphones. — लैपटॉप के अलावा, उसके पास दो स्मार्टफोन हैं।
आम गलती
- ✘ He beside his friends was there.
- ✔ He besides his friends was there. ('Beside' का मतलब 'बगल में' होता है, यहाँ 'के अलावा' (besides) चाहिए।)
- ✘ Besides the students, the principal were present.
- ✔ Besides the students, the principal was present. (Subject 'principal' है, इसलिए 'was' आएगा।)
💡 'Besides' में एक 's' ज्यादा है, इसलिए इसका मतलब 'extra' (के अलावा) होता है।
एक नज़र में (Revision)
- Verb हमेशा असली Subject के अनुसार आती है, न कि पास वाले शब्द के।
- 'of' वाले वाक्यों में 'of' से पहले वाला शब्द ही मुख्य Subject होता है।
- 'as well as', 'along with', 'together with' आने पर पहले Subject को देखें।
- 'besides' और 'in addition to' भी पहले Subject के अनुसार Verb लेते हैं।
- 'like' जब तुलना के लिए आए, तब भी Verb पहले Subject के अनुसार होगी।
- दूसरे Subject के Singular या Plural होने से कोई फर्क नहीं पड़ता।
- 'Beside' (बगल में) और 'Besides' (के अलावा) के अंतर को याद रखें।
अपने आप को जाँचिए — 10 प्रश्न
1. सही विकल्प चुनें: The quality of these apples _______ not good.
- (क) is
- (ख) are
- (ग) were
- (घ) have
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (क) is
Subject 'quality' (Singular) है, इसलिए 'is' आएगा।
2. सही विकल्प चुनें: The captain along with the players _______ cheering loudly.
- (क) was
- (ख) were
- (ग) are
- (घ) have
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (क) was
'Along with' के साथ Verb पहले Subject (captain) के अनुसार 'was' होगी।
3. Error पहचानें: The list of items (A) / are (B) / on the table (C) / No error (D)
- (क) The list of items
- (ख) are
- (ग) on the table
- (घ) No error
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (ख) are
Subject 'list' (Singular) है, इसलिए 'are' की जगह 'is' होना चाहिए।
4. Error पहचानें: Ram as well as his friends (A) / have gone (B) / to the park (C) / No error (D)
- (क) Ram as well as his friends
- (ख) have gone
- (ग) to the park
- (घ) No error
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (ख) have gone
'As well as' के साथ Verb पहले Subject (Ram) के अनुसार 'has' होनी चाहिए।
5. सही विकल्प चुनें: My sister, in addition to my parents, _______ coming to the wedding.
- (क) is
- (ख) are
- (ग) were
- (घ) have been
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (क) is
'In addition to' के साथ Verb पहले Subject (sister) के अनुसार 'is' होगी।
6. वाक्य सुधारें: The teacher "together with her students were" laughing.
- (क) together with her students was
- (ख) together with her students are
- (ग) along with her students were
- (घ) No improvement
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (क) together with her students was
'Together with' में Verb पहले Subject (teacher) के अनुसार 'was' होनी चाहिए।
7. Error पहचानें: The prices of this book (A) / is (B) / very high (C) / No error (D)
- (क) The prices of this book
- (ख) is
- (ग) very high
- (घ) No error
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (ख) is
Subject 'prices' (Plural) है, इसलिए 'is' की जगह 'are' आएगा।
8. Error पहचानें: She like her sisters (A) / are (B) / very beautiful (C) / No error (D)
- (क) She like her sisters
- (ख) are
- (ग) very beautiful
- (घ) No error
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (ख) are
यहाँ 'like' तुलना के लिए है, Verb पहले Subject (She) के अनुसार 'is' होगी।
9. Error पहचानें: Besides his parents, (A) / he were (B) / present there (C) / No error (D)
- (क) Besides his parents,
- (ख) he were
- (ग) present there
- (घ) No error
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (ख) he were
'Besides' के साथ Verb पहले Subject (he) के अनुसार 'was' होनी चाहिए।
10. Error पहचानें: The knowledge of (A) / these languages (B) / are required (C) / No error (D)
- (क) The knowledge of
- (ख) these languages
- (ग) are required
- (घ) No error
उत्तर देखें
उत्तर: (ग) are required
'Knowledge' (Singular) मुख्य Subject है, इसलिए 'is' required होगा।
English version — Subject-Verb Agreement: Identifying the Real Subject
In exams, students often match the verb with the nearest noun instead of the real subject. This topic teaches you how to identify the main subject when phrases like 'as well as' or 'of' are used, ensuring the verb is always correct.
Rule 1: The noun before 'of' is the main subject
When two nouns are connected by 'of', the verb always agrees with the noun placed before 'of'. Students often mistakenly use a plural verb because the noun after 'of' is plural. Formula: Noun 1 (Subject) + of + Noun 2 + Verb (according to Noun 1).
Examples
- ✔ The quality of these mangoes is very good. — इन आमों की गुणवत्ता बहुत अच्छी है। (यहाँ Subject 'quality' है, 'mangoes' नहीं)
- ✔ The behavior of the students was excellent. — छात्रों का व्यवहार बहुत अच्छा था।
- ✔ The cost of these books has increased. — इन किताबों की कीमत बढ़ गई है।
- ✔ The keys of the cupboard are lost. — अलमारी की चाबियाँ खो गई हैं। (यहाँ 'keys' Plural है, इसलिए 'are' आया)
- ✔ The smell of these flowers is sweet. — इन फूलों की खुशबू मीठी है।
- ✔ The results of the examination were declared yesterday. — परीक्षा के परिणाम कल घोषित किए गए थे।
Common mistakes
- ✘ The color of these walls are white.
- ✔ The color of these walls is white. (The subject 'color' is singular, so 'is' should be used.)
- ✘ The knowledge of many languages are important.
- ✔ The knowledge of many languages is important. ('Knowledge' is uncountable and singular; don't use 'are' by looking at 'languages'.)
💡 Think of 'of' as a wall; the verb will always follow the noun on the left side of this wall.
Rule 2: Usage of As well as, Along with, Together with
If two subjects are joined by 'as well as', 'along with', 'together with', or 'with', the verb agrees with the first subject. The second noun is treated as extra information. Formula: Subject 1 + (as well as/along with) + Subject 2 + Verb (according to Subject 1).
Examples
- ✔ The teacher as well as the students is in the class. — शिक्षक के साथ-साथ छात्र भी कक्षा में हैं। (Subject 'teacher' है)
- ✔ The students as well as the teacher are in the class. — छात्रों के साथ-साथ शिक्षक भी कक्षा में हैं। (Subject 'students' है)
- ✔ Ram along with his brothers has arrived. — राम अपने भाइयों के साथ पहुँच गया है।
- ✔ The captain with all his players was on the field. — कप्तान अपने सभी खिलाड़ियों के साथ मैदान पर था।
- ✔ I as well as you am responsible for this. — मैं और साथ ही तुम भी इसके लिए जिम्मेदार हूँ। (Subject 'I' है, इसलिए 'am' आया)
- ✔ My friends together with their father are coming today. — मेरे दोस्त अपने पिता के साथ आज आ रहे हैं।
Common mistakes
- ✘ The king along with his ministers were present.
- ✔ The king along with his ministers was present. (The first subject 'king' is singular, so 'was' is correct.)
- ✘ Sanjana as well as her friends have gone.
- ✔ Sanjana as well as her friends has gone. (The singular verb 'has' should be used according to 'Sanjana'.)
💡 Put the phrase starting with 'as well as' in brackets; it does not affect the verb.
Rule 3: Usage of Besides, In addition to, and Like
With 'Besides', 'In addition to', and 'Like' (used for comparison), the verb follows the first subject. Note that 'Besides' means 'in addition to', while 'Beside' means 'next to'.
Examples
- ✔ Besides his parents, he was present at the party. — अपने माता-पिता के अलावा, वह पार्टी में मौजूद था।
- ✔ He like his brothers is very hardworking. — वह अपने भाइयों की तरह बहुत मेहनती है।
- ✔ The director in addition to the actors was invited. — अभिनेताओं के अलावा निर्देशक को भी आमंत्रित किया गया था।
- ✔ They like their mother are very kind. — वे अपनी माँ की तरह बहुत दयालु हैं।
- ✔ Besides a laptop, he has two smartphones. — लैपटॉप के अलावा, उसके पास दो स्मार्टफोन हैं।
Common mistakes
- ✘ He beside his friends was there.
- ✔ He besides his friends was there. ('Beside' means 'next to'; here 'besides' (in addition to) is needed.)
- ✘ Besides the students, the principal were present.
- ✔ Besides the students, the principal was present. (The subject is 'principal', so 'was' should be used.)
💡 'Besides' has an extra 's', so it means something 'extra' or 'in addition to'.
Quick revision
- The verb always agrees with the real subject, not the nearest noun.
- In 'Noun + of + Noun' structures, the first noun is the main subject.
- With 'as well as', 'along with', and 'together with', look at the first subject.
- 'Besides' and 'in addition to' also follow the first subject rule.
- When 'like' is used for comparison, the verb agrees with the first subject.
- The number (singular/plural) of the second subject does not affect the verb.
- Distinguish between 'Beside' (location) and 'Besides' (addition).